Key Topic Areas

Some of the strategic topics addressed in theme sessions could include, but are not limited to:

Characterization and mechanisms of ocean changes in the global climate system.

• The role of oceans in the global climate system in the past, present and future
• Paleoclimate perspectives: historic development and also historic effects
• Large-scale physical and chemical changes in the ocean
• Detection and attribution of climate-change-related impacts to physical properties and consequences of CO2 and heat uptake

Impacts of changing climate on biological and ecological ocean conditions and related ecosystem services.

• Impacts of changing climate, ocean acidification and ocean deoxygenation on ocean productivity, marine populations, communities and ecosystems.
• Adaptation of ocean species and ecosystems to climate change, including physiological responses, changing phenology, range shifts, and alterations to community structure.
• Impacts of climate change on the vulnerability of species, communities, food-webs and ecosystems to other anthropogenic pressures.
• Impacts of climate change on high-latitude and tropical ecosystems.
• Indicator-based frameworks for detecting and responding to climate impacts on ocean ecosystems.
• Valuation and non-economic assessment of ecosystem services.

Impacts of changing climate on ocean-dependent sectors, coastal livelihoods, societies and economies.

• Changing social-ecological interactions, feedbacks and interactions between impacts.
• Approaches for assessing near- and long-term risks to sustainability and other societal goals, including advanced approaches to risk assessment.
• Ecosystem-based management for a sustainable and equitable ocean economy.
• Observed and projected impacts to marine resources, coastal communities, and ocean-based industries.

Responding to climate-related changes in ocean conditions through societal, institutional and sectoral adaptations and governance.

• Adaptation solutions that increase robustness and resilience of coupled biological and social systems; trade-offs and synergies.
• The role of ocean-climate literacy in the development of adaptation and mitigation strategies.
• Scales, feasibility and effectiveness of adaptation options.
• Just and equitable adaptation interventions, risks of maladaptation.
• Policy interactions with SDGs, the convention of biological diversity, ABNJ and other international policy frameworks.

Extreme and abrupt changes in ocean systems.

• Occurrence of extreme events attributed to climate change such as tropical storms, polar lows and marine heatwaves.
• Impacts of extreme events on marine biodiversity (including harmful algal blooms and invasive species) and oceanic and coastal ecosystems and communities.
• Abrupt responses of ocean ecosystems to gradual climate-induced changes, tipping points and regime shifts.

Advancing methods to observe and project climate drivers and impacts on ocean ecosystems.

• Progress towards a sustained social-ecological integrated global ocean ecosystem observational and modelling network.
• Data mobilisation and accessibility challenges and solutions.
• Ocean and ecosystem climate projections - near and medium term.

Using ocean-based solutions to mitigate climate change.

• Ocean-based carbon sequestration and storage.
• Ecosystem-based management of blue carbon ecosystems.
• Ecosystem restoration and geoengineering solutions for climate change mitigation.
• Role of ocean renewable energy production and aquaculture in mitigating climate change.

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