PICES 13th Annual Meeting (2004)
General Information
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Jeffrey J. Polovina (Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, U.S.A.)
Send out the turtle fleet!
Session 1: Science Board Symposium
Beyond the continental slope - complexity and variability in the open North Pacific Ocean
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Science Board Best Presentation Award
Yatsu, Akihiko
Possible ecological interactions between small pelagic and mesopelagic fishes in the Kuroshio-Oyashio Transition Zone and Kuroshio Extension in spring
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Science Board Best Poster Award
Katugin, Oleg. N.
Patterns of distribution and biology of the North Pacific oceanic squid Berryteuthis anonychus with implications for the species life cycle
Invited speakers:
Denzo Inagake (National Research Institute of Far Seas Fisheries, Japan) - Relation between tuna resources and atmospheric-oceanic variability in the North Pacific
Michael P. Seki (Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, U.S.A.) - Processes and patterns at oceanic "hot spots" in the subtropical North Pacific
Most of the area of the North Pacific Ocean is in the pelagic realm, beyond the major currents and marginal seas that border the continents. This oceanic region has often been perceived as physically homogeneous and stable with low biological productivity. In reality, it is a spatially and temporally dynamic environment of high complexity. The diversity and structure of open ocean ecosystems are influenced by both horizontal and vertical structure of the ocean's physical and biological properties and by their seasonal cycles. Sharp contrasts in oceanic bottom topography caused by seamounts and islands add additional structure and complexity. In spite of its relatively low primary productivity, the region supports complex ecosystems with high biodiversity, and is home to many endangered species. Marine resources are important to the peoples of the North Pacific and are fished by fleets from many Pacific Rim nations. This session seeks to improve our understanding of the physical, chemical and biological structure and dynamics of North Pacific oceanic waters far beyond the continental shelf, with particular emphasis on the subtropical gyre. The symposium will consider how these complex subtropical oceanic ecosystems are structured and maintained, in light of their generally low productivity. It will provide opportunities to compare and contrast these areas with neighbouring regions of higher productivity. How important are small and meso-scale features, such as fronts and eddies, to the growth, survival and distribution of upper trophic level species? How do ecosystems in the open ocean respond to changes in vertical and horizontal structure? How have sub-tropical waters been affected by recent global changes? What are the major factors causing changes to open ocean ecosystems, particularly in the sub-tropics? What are the physical and biological links between the subtropical gyre and other regions of the North Pacific? What are the human interactions with these systems?
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Session 2: BIO Topic Session
Mechanisms that regulate North Pacific ecosystems: Bottom up, top down, or something else?
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BIO Session Best Presentation Award
Gertseva, Vladlena V.
Juvenile salmon survival in coastal waters of the Northeast Pacific Ocean: Top-down or bottom-up control?
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BIO Session Best Presentation Award
Takasuka, Akinori
Differential optimal temperatures for growth of larval anchovy and sardine: A potential mechanism for regime shifts?
Invited speakers:
Philippe Cury (Centre de Recherche Halieutique Méditerranéenne et Tropicale, IFREMER & Université Montpellier II, France) - Who is controlling whom in marine ecosystems and how to quantify it?
Bernard A. Megrey (Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Servive, NOAA, U.S.A.) - Evaluating the role of top-down versus bottom-up ecosystem regulation from a modeling perspective
Yasunori Sakurai (Hokkaido University, Japan) - Why do ommastrephid squids increase in abundance during warm regimes?
Within the PICES region, dramatic changes have been observed in the past 50 years in the structure and function of marine ecosystems. In an effort to understand what caused these changes, various hypotheses have been proposed as controlling mechanisms for entire ecosystems or for particular components of the ecosystems (e.g. fish stocks and apex predators). Each of the hypotheses (e.g., Trophic Cascade, Oscillating Control, Nutritional Stress and Regime Shift), has at its core, a fundamental assumption that control is the result of bottom-up, top-down, or a wasp waist trophic pyramid restriction. Is it really that simple? Are these hypotheses testable? Will they lead us to a predictive capability? This session will critically examine these hypotheses, as applied to ecosystems and important marine populations from the western and eastern North Pacific Ocean. The goal is to review, based on observations and model results, the basic assumption (source of control), and to evaluate the strength and weaknesses of the individual hypotheses. The session will also discuss how the different control mechanisms might affect the ability of managers to maintain sustainable fisheries in the region. The possibility of publishing the results in a special issue of a leading international journal will be explored.
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Session 3: BIO Topic Session
Role of gelatinous zooplankton in coastal and oceanic ecosystems
Invited speakers:
William Hamner (University of California Los Angeles, U.S.A.) - Behavioral ecology of gelatinous zooplankton
Naonobu Shiga (Hokkaido University, Japan) - Geographical distribution of pelagic tunicates and their ecological role in the subarctic Pacific Ocean
Recent increases in gelatinous zooplankton in a number of ecosystems in the North Pacific and elsewhere have demonstrated the importance of these organisms in energy transfer in coastal and oceanic environments. Gelatinous zooplankton exhibit rapid individual and population growth rates and have been shown to be major consumers of phytoplankton, zooplankton and early life stages of fishes. They are competitors with adult fishes and serve as conduits of energy transfer to the deep ocean. Despite their importance to the ecosystem, there are substantial gaps in our knowledge of basic life history, ecology, and environmental responses, even for many of the dominant species. This session will bring together information on such diverse gelatinous taxa as cnidarians, ctenophores, siphonophores, salps and appendicularians, and examine their role in marine ecosystems and their responses to variable environmental conditions.
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Session 4: FIS/BIO Topic Session
Hot spots and their use by migratory species and top predators in the North Pacific
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FIS Session Best Presentation Award
Gende, Scott M.
Persistence of prey "hot spots" in southeast Alaska
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FIS Session Best Presentation Award
Zainuddin, Mukti
Detection of high productive area of albacore fishing ground and migration route using multisensor satellite remote sensing
There are specific areas, "hot spots" of biological activity, where migratory species, including especially marine mammals, sea birds, sharks and tunas, are abundant in the North Pacific Ocean. Some probably persist through time due to the influence of topographical features (e.g., seamounts) on biological productivity. Some persist due to the relative stability of oceanographic features such as currents and eddies, and some may be more ephemeral, changing in time or location owing to variability in wind patterns. However, little is known about the dynamics of these potentially important hot spots as habitats that may support increased biodiversity, or as regions that support fisheries. This session seeks to identify and compare the physical and biological features of "hot spots" where migratory species and top-predators tend to concentrate among the western and eastern North Pacific Ocean. It also requests reports of studies that analyze topographic control, oceanographic mechanisms, the ecology of plankton, nekton and pelagic fishes in these hot spots, and methods to determine the degree of association of organisms within the communities inhabiting hot spots. Motivating questions include: How persistent are these sites in time and space? What oceanographic mechanisms support high levels of biological activity? How do predators associate with and functionally respond to oceanographic and community structure and variability? And what is the role of these hot spots in reproduction, growth and survival and life history strategies of migratory top predators?
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Session 5: MEQ Topic Session
Introduction of marine species
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MEQ Session Best Presentation Award
Boehme, Jennifer
Ballast water exchange verification using the optical characteristics of dissolved organic matter
Species introductions are among the most prevalent of human activities affecting natural ecosystems. In the marine environment, introductions, including most aquaculture initiatives, have resulted in both positive and negative effects. The transport of invasive species such as phytoplankton, is thought to stem from range extensions associated with fluctuating oceanographic conditions (e.g., El Niño), severe storm events (e.g., typhoons), and human activities (e.g., ballast water). The impact of transport processes on species distributional changes in North Pacific waters is not fully understood. Relative to the terrestrial environment, the study of introductions, and the potential for new species to become invasive, is in its infancy in marine systems. Emerging work includes introduction vectors, life history characteristics of invasive species, ocean conditions responsible for invasions, ecosystem resistance to invasion, and potential for eradication or mitigation of introductions once established. This session will seek to answer three fundamental questions: 1) What is known about different transport mechanisms? 2) What is the magnitude of ecological and economic effects arising from the transport of species? and 3) What steps can be taken to minimize real or potential effects of existent and future invasive species?
Invited speakers:
Stephan Gollash (GoConsult, Germany) - Marine species introductions into Europe - Vectors and an attempt of an inventory
Gustaaf Hallegraeff (University of Tasmania, Australia) - Ballast water transport of harmful algal bloom species in the Pacific
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Session 6: MEQ Topic Session
Marine protected areas
Invited speaker:
Peter Taylor (Marine Protected Areas Section, Parks Australia) - Establishing MPAs in deep water: The Australian experiences and challenges
Marine protected areas (MPAs) are increasingly being recognized as both a fishery management tool and as means to re-establish reference areas of relatively undisturbed biodiversity and productivity. There are proposals to declare substantial (20-30%) portions of all habitats as fully protected as is possible, and some studies suggest that this action may enhance local fisheries. The goals of this session are: (i) to review the nature and characteristics of existing and proposed MPAs in PICES countries; (ii) to review scientific data as to the utility of MPAs in improving our understanding of marine ecosystems and in fishery enhancement; and (iii) to compare experiences with MPAs in both tropical and temperate waters.
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Session 7: POC/MONITOR Topic Session
Application of global observing systems to physics, fisheries, and ecosystems
Invited speakers:
Masafumi Kamachi (Meteorological Research Institute, Japan) - Data assimilation in the Pacific Ocean as an application of observing system to physical oceanography and climate research
Donald R. Kobayashi (Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, U.S.A., and University of Technology, Sydney, Australia) - Application of satellite remotely sensed environmental data to pelagic larval transport, growth, and survival
Dean Roemmich (Scripps Institution of Oceanography, U.S.A.) - The Argo Project: Observing the physical state of the ocean for broad applications in climate, including fisheries, and ecosystems impacts
Problems such as global climate change, carbon cycling, ocean circulation forecasting, and variability in biomass and fish abundance have necessitated a great increase in the variety and quantity of ocean measurements. In response to these growing demands, the last two decades have seen a proliferation of new technologies for remotely sensing the physical and chemical properties of oceans and the biological characteristics of organisms living in them. Noteworthy examples include the TOPEX/Poseidon/Jason and ERS/Envisat satellites for sea surface heights, SeaWiFS and MODIS for ocean colour, and Argo profiling floats for deep ocean velocities, temperatures and salinities. Technologies such as these allow interdisciplinary, near-realtime sampling of the global ocean with unprecedented resolution in time and space. In this session we welcome papers on the application of global observing systems to the description and better understanding of important physical, fishery, and ecosystem processes in the North Pacific Ocean.
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Session 8: POC Topic Session
The impacts of climate change on the carbon cycle in the North Pacific
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POC Session Best Presentation Award
Mecking, Sabine
Age and AOU increases at the North Pacific subtropical-subpolar gyre boundary
Invited speakers:
Nicholas Gruber (University of California Los Angeles, U.S.A.) - Carbon cycle changes in the North Pacific - results from the NOAA/GCP/PICES synthesis and modeling workshop
David Karl (University of Hawaii, U.S.A.) - Changing ecosystems and the North Pacific carbon cycle
Douglas Wallace (Institut für Meereskunde an der Universität Kiel, Germany) - Global carbon cycle and its links to climate change
An important area of contemporary carbon cycle research is the linkage and response to climate change. Many recent studies have investigated carbon cycle variability in the Central and North Pacific. A significant number of these studies were related to the effects of El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on upwelling regions of the Equatorial Pacific. Recently, there have been several studies indicating significant variability over other regions of the North Pacific and potential linkages to the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO). Most of these studies covered a relatively short time frame, examined only a relatively small portion of the North Pacific, or considered only a limited number of parameters. What is often lacking is an overall picture of North Pacific carbon cycle that draws together all of these individual lines of investigation and looks for coherent patterns that may help us understand the regional significance of variability and the possible mechanisms controlling the observed spatial and temporal patterns. This session will provide a forum to present new insights into links between climate change and the carbon cycle in the North Pacific. It will showcase, in part, results from a synthesis and modeling workshop (co-sponsored jointly by NOAA, Global Carbon Project and PICES) planned for June 2004, and will bring together many scientists focusing on such phenomena in the North Pacific region. We encourage contributed papers and posters that present recent research into the carbon cycle of the North Pacific with particular emphasis on the following: climate induced inter-annual and decadal variability in air-sea CO2 exchange; the role of the North Pacific in taking up anthropogenic carbon; changes in phytoplankton community structure and its consequences for the carbon cycle; and recent modeling and synthesis activities that aim to understand such linkages.
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Session 9: CCCC Topic Session
The impacts of large-scale climate change on North Pacific marine ecosystems
Invited speaker:
Thomas Weingartner (University of Alaska Fairbanks, U.S.A.) - Ecosystem structure and function on the Gulf of Alaska shelf
Although it is widely known from the fossil record of deep-sea cores that climate changes on the glacial-interglacial scale generate significant impacts on marine ecosystem productivity and structure, it is only in the last ten to fifteen years that marine scientists have begun to document evidence that basin- or large-scale climate changes might be significant forcing for decadal to millennium-scale changes in marine ecosystems. Tidbits of information led to the development of the Global Ocean Ecosystems Dynamics projects of many individual nations, and to several regional scale programs examining the influence of climate change. In 1994, PICES initiated the Climate Change and Carrying Capacity (CCCC) Program to provide an organizational framework for examining climate impacts on marine ecosystems in the North Pacific. During the past decade, the North Pacific experienced the strong 1997 El Niño and 1998 La Niña, as well, perhaps, as a regime shift in the late 1990s. The purpose of this session is to begin a general synthesis of these studies linking climate change to ecosystem productivity and structure in the North Pacific Ocean.
Many national programs examining climate - ecosystem linkages on a regional scale are nearing conclusion and will benefit by the grander scale, basin-wide, synthesis that will be initiated in this session. We believe that this session will bring together scientists from different regions of the Pacific to share their results, and will encourage collaborations for the broader synthesis that will be the topic of a PICES Symposium planned for April 2006.
Some time will be reserved at the beginning of the session for six short summaries of national GLOBEC efforts by each PICES member nation. These overviews will be given by: David L. Mackas (Institute of Ocean Sciences, Fisheries & Oceans, Canada); Yoshioki Oozeki (National Research Institute of Fisheries Science, Japan); Qisheng Tang (Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, People's Republic of China); Suam Kim (Pukyong National University, Republic of Korea); Vladimir I. Radchenko (Sakhalin Research Institute of Fisheries & Oceanography, Russia); and Harold P. Batchelder (Oregon State University, U.S.A.)
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Session 10: CCCC/MODEL Topic Session
Modeling approaches that integrate multiple spatial scales and trophic levels between shelf and open oceans
Invited speaker:
Xinyu Guo (Center for Marine Environmental Studies, Ehime University, Japan) - Intrusion of Kuroshio water onto the continental shelf in the East China Sea and its influences on the ecosystem
Marine ecosystems are characterized by complex trophic interactions that occur on disparate time and space scales. Modulation by physical and biogeochemical properties further complicates these interactions. To date, most studies of marine ecosystems consider shelf and open ocean regions separately. However, through active migration and/or advective processes, shelf and oceanic populations are coupled. In this session, we welcome modeling contributions that consider shelf, open ocean and coupled shelf-ocean domains that integrate across multiple spatial scales, temporal scales and trophic levels. From these studies we seek to develop a better understanding of how open ocean and shelf ecosystems are linked.
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Session 11: TCODE Electronic Poster Session
Data visualization of open ocean processes in the North Pacific
In keeping with the PICES XIII theme of open ocean processes, this session will provide an opportunity to present techniques that animate remotely sensed data such as TOPEX/Poseidon/Jason altimetry, SeaWiFS and MODIS ocean color, and sea surface temperature measurements. Integration of remotely sensed physical, biological and chemical data are solicited especially with regard to oceanic "hot spots" of biological activity. Electronic posters on techniques of data retrieval and archiving are also welcome.
BIO Paper Session
Papers on all aspects of biological oceanography in the North Pacific and its marginal seas are invited.
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FIS Paper Session
Papers on all aspects of fishery oceanography in the North Pacific and its marginal seas are invited.
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FIS Paper Session Best Poster Award
Suzuki, Katsuya
Video analysis of the schooling behavior of Japanese surfsmelt (Hypomesus japonicus) under light and dark conditions using a mathematical model
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Workshop 1: CCCC Workshop
Micronekton sampling gear intercalibration experiment
The PICES Advisory Panel on Micronekton inter-calibration experiment (MIE-AP) was established to evaluate the efficacy of a variety of sampling gears and the procedures employed by different investigators to sample micronekton in the North Pacific and other parts of the world ocean. An initial field effort will involve a 10-day (October 4-13, 2004) research cruise in Hawaiian waters just prior to the PICES Thirteenth Annual Meeting in Honolulu. The Hawaii cruise will serve two purposes: (1) to compare the performance of different types of sampling gears in an oligotrophic subtropical gyre to see how the choice of gear affects our perspective of the micronekton community; and (2) to use the relatively benign sea conditions of the subtropics to evaluate and refine protocols, logistics, and sampling designs. The morning workshop will review preliminary data and findings from the cruise, while the afternoon meeting of the MIE-Advisory Panel will discuss the goals, objectives, and status of the experiment and the future field program.
Workshop 2: CCCC/REX Workshop
The seasonal cycle of plankton production in continental shelf waters around the Pacific Rim
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CCCC Workshop Best Presentation Award
Kim, Hyun-Cheol
Relation between phytoplankton blooming and wind stress in the central Japan/East Sea
The REX Task Team has the responsibility of developing inter-comparisons among regional coastal marine ecosystems. Given that the long-term goal of the PICES CCCC Program being the application of models to understanding the influence of climate variability on plankton and fish production in the North Pacific, near-term goals are: (a) to learn more about the influence of climate variability on plankton production cycles, and (b) to determine if we can model the seasonal cycle of plankton production with the NEMURO model at many sites around the Pacific Rim.
At this workshop, we hope to locate as many site-specific studies as possible, each with several years of observations for as many boxes in the NEMURO lower tropic level model as is possible, in order to facilitate model verification studies that must be conducted in the future. Since NEMURO is an NPZ model, successful model<>data comparisons will require data sets on temporal changes in light, nutrients, phytoplankton and zooplankton over (ideally) several seasonal cycles. Although the long-term objective of the workshop is to facilitate model-comparisons at many sites around the Pacific Rim (including the Bering Sea), the proximate goal is to discuss linkages and time lags between primary and secondary production cycles; and where possible, the potential match-mismatch between phytoplankton and zooplankton biomass cycles and the spawning and growth of important fish species. If long time series are available, we ask "How do interannual and decadal scale differences in the timing of the spring bloom and other blooms affect zooplankton production and fish spawning?". The possibility of publishing the results in the Journal of Oceanography will be explored.
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Workshop 3: CCCC Workshop
Linking open ocean and coastal ecosystems II
Invited speakers:
Kosei Komatsu (National Research Institute of Fisheries Science, Japan) - Modeling of transportation of phyto- and zooplankton in the Kuroshio and Kuroshio Extension
Alec D. MacCall (Santa Cruz Laboratory, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA, U.S.A.) - Possible physical and biological mechanisms underlying fluctuations in abundance and distribution of fish stocks associated with low frequency variability in the California Current
Vera N. Agostini (University of Washington, U.S.A.) - Modeling the California Current Ecosystem: Can the small inform the large?
This workshop will continue ongoing international collaborative research efforts to explore specific food web modeling approaches to link climate with coastal and oceanic biological production. Specifically, climate events may propagate through trophic levels with variable effects at each level, such that coherent patterns that exist may not be detectable across all regions without further modeling synthesis. To date, models of lower trophic levels (NEMURO), forage species (NEMURO.FISH) and upper trophic levels (ECOPATH/ECOSIM), have been constructed of multiple regions of the North Pacific to examine coastal and oceanic regions with a common set of modeling tools. The next step is to compare and to evaluate these and complementary methods (such as Individual Based Models) in a Pacific-wide synthesis. The workshop will consist of three components:
A critical evaluation of regional and basin-wide trophic models with a focus on the recent results of the BASS, MODEL and REX Task Teams. The development of complementary and comparable approaches to: (a) modeling connections between climate and ecosystems, lower and upper trophic levels, and coastal and oceanic regions; and (b) incorporating seasonal dynamics. Discussion shall include the identification of key data requirements for North Pacific scale production modeling and forecasts.
As a specific example, the examination of climate-driven processes underlying changes in the distribution (expansion and contraction) of Pacific sardines, especially with respect to transitions between coastal and oceanic (gyre) ecosystems. What are the future expectations of sardine productivity and distribution under various climate change scenarios?
Synthesis of PICES activities to date that are applicable to BASS/REX studies, particularly Pacific-wide climate influence on ecosystems and marine resource productivity. Identification of the major issues and gaps in knowledge relating to the understanding of changes in ecosystems under a changing environment. Recommend solutions, particularly identifying fieldwork required to fill in the gaps in knowledge and to improve predictive ability.
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BASS Task Team |
Workshop 4: PICES/CLIVAR Workshop
Scale interactions of climate and marine ecosystems
Invited speakers:
Jacquelynne R. King (Pacific Biological Station, Fisheries & Oceans, Canada) - An approach for successful management of Pacific fisheries given increasing frequency of abrupt climate shifts
Elizabeth A. Logerwell (Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA, U.S.A.) - The impact of environmental variability on the effectiveness of fisheries management strategies
Nathan Mantua (University of Washington, U.S.A.) - To upscale or downscale? - Thoughts on bridging disparate scales of space and time in linking the planetary to the plankton
Arthur J. Miller (Scripps Institution of Oceanography, U.S.A.) - Regional impacts of large-scale climate variations on the Pacific Ocean ecosystem
Shoshiro Minobe (Hokkaido University, Japan) - Global linkages of decadal to multidecadal variability over the Pacific Ocean
Raghu Murtugudde (Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, U.S.A.) - Tropical climate and bio-feedbacks: Does biology rule?
The physical climate system varies on a wide range of scales: changing storminess and severe weather, recognised modes of variability (such as NAO, PDO and ENSO), and changes to mean global characteristics. Likewise the marine ecosystem has many interacting scales: small-scale patchiness vs global, shelf vs deep-sea populations, and individuals vs communities. To date, most studies considering the impact of the complexities of climate variability on the equally complex marine ecosystem have used correlation statistics of a given population and physical climate indices. We need to go beyond simple correlations to tease out the relationships between the changing physical and biological systems if we are to understand what controls what. How do the various scales of climate variability project onto the variability of the population of a given species or the ecosystem as a whole? How does the changing climate impact on the scale interactions of the biogeochemical system? Are the time-series we have long enough to draw meaningful conclusions? What do we need to get right in models used to predict the impact of climate change on the marine ecosystem and fisheries?
The workshop will bring together experts in the physical oceanography of the Pacific, climate dynamics and variability, marine ecosystems and biogeochemistry, and fisheries. The workshop is charged to produce statements on our present understanding of, or lack thereof, the impact of climate variability on the marine eco- and biogeochemical system, what we can hope to extract from combining extant datasets, and strategies for numerical experimentation, observational networks and data assimilation, that will improve our knowledge and predictive capabilities. Sufficient enthusiasm by the participants will result in the publication of a special issue of a leading international journal.
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Workshop 5: MEQ Workshop
Developing a North Pacific HAB data resource II
Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs) are comprised of rapidly growing toxic and non-toxic species, and affect the marine ecology and economy of coastal nations. Monitoring and research activities aimed towards achieving effective predictive and mitigative strategies are underway in each PICES member nation, in many cases dealing with similar organisms or problems. These efforts will benefit from building a common data resource among PICES nations that allow inter-comparison of HAB species composition and the magnitude of environmental and economic impacts. At last year's joint PICES/IOC Workshop on "Harmful algal blooms - Harmonization of data", representatives from PICES member countries accepted an offer from IOC/ICES to utilize their successful harmful algal event meta-database (HAE-DAT) format on a trial basis. The goal of this workshop is to provide an interim "report card" on the use of this database. The central tasks are: (i) to ascertain how well the database process worked; (ii) to identify any difficulties in data delivery from member nations; (iii) to assess the effectiveness of the interactive web-based window to the developing resource; and (iv) to determine if further modifications are needed to encompass unique aspects of Pacific Rim marine resources.
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Workshop 6: MBM-AP Workshop
Combining data sets on diets of marine birds and mammals II
The workshop on "Combining data sets on distributions and diets of marine birds and mammals" at PICES XII led to enhanced knowledge of relations of marine birds and mammals and the environment. Continuation of this workshop would further our understanding of coupled climate-ecosystem fluctuations in the North Pacific Ocean. The PICES Advisory Panel on Marine birds and mammals identified four species (2 birds and 2 mammals) with extensive spatial and temporal datasets on food habits and prey characteristics, which are not reviewed at PICES XII and could be examined. Species of interest include: Dall's porpoise, northern fur seal, common murre and Cassin's auklet (a planktivorous seabird). Reports on other species that have appropriate time series are also welcome.
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HAB Meeting
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